Aspiration & Vomiting
Vomiting during CPR is a frequently encountered complication and poses a significant risk to the cardiac arrest victim. When a person experiences cardiac arrest, they are unconscious and unable to clear any vomit that may occur. If the vomit is not promptly removed, it can be aspirated, meaning it is inhaled into the lungs. This can have dire consequences as it obstructs the airway and can lead to severe infections.
Aspiration pneumonia is a potential outcome of this scenario. When foreign material, such as stomach contents, enters the lungs, it creates an environment ripe for infection. Bacteria present in the stomach can lead to a serious lung infection, exacerbating the already critical condition of the individual. Aspiration pneumonia can further complicate the recovery process, emphasizing the critical importance of rapid and effective airway management during CPR to prevent such complications.
Broken Ribs and Skeletal Chest Injuries
Rib fractures are common skeletal injuries during CPR due to the forceful chest compressions necessary to maintain circulation. While these fractures can be painful, they are generally considered acceptable to ensure vital circulation during cardiac arrest. Sternal fractures, though less frequent, also occur and emphasize the importance of proper technique and training among responders.
In rare cases, CPR may lead to internal organ or vascular damage, highlighting the need for precise execution. Ultimately, the decision to perform CPR must balance potential risks with the urgency of the situation, with the paramount goal being to increase the victim's chances of survival by restoring circulation and oxygenation, outweighing potential complications.
Internal Brain Injuries
CPR, while crucial in maintaining blood circulation, can still result in potential complications, particularly concerning the brain. During CPR, the brain may receive approximately 5% less oxygen than usual, which, over time, can increase the risk of brain damage. This risk becomes more significant the longer the heart remains stopped, with the window for brain damage often falling within 4 to 6 minutes after cardiac arrest. Such damage can have profound and lasting effects on a person's health, potentially leading to long-term complications.
Abdominal Distension
Abdominal distension is another common side effect of CPR. As air is forcefully pushed into the lungs during chest compressions, it can lead to the patient's abdomen becoming bloated and filled with air. This distension can compress the lungs, making it more challenging to ventilate effectively. Additionally, a bloated abdomen increases the risk of vomiting, further complicating the resuscitation process. Responders must be prepared to address these challenges promptly, balancing the need for effective ventilation with the potential for abdominal distension during CPR.
Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia is a consequential complication of CPR resulting from the inhalation of vomit or foreign objects, such as teeth, into the lungs. This condition poses a significant threat to the health of a cardiac arrest patient and can complicate their recovery, potentially even leading to fatal outcomes, despite surviving the initial CPR intervention.
In light of these potential CPR side effects, it becomes clear that surviving CPR may not guarantee an individual's long-term health and quality of life. The aftermath of CPR can leave lasting physical and psychological impacts. Beyond the physical complications, the psychological ramifications of a near-death experience can be profound. Survivors may grapple with stress, anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders, further emphasizing the importance of comprehensive post-CPR care and support to address both the physical and emotional aspects of recovery.